How HPV is transmitted and ways of infection

On Earth, approximately 80% of the population is infected with the human papillomavirus. However, due to HPV infection, not only harmless papillomas can appear on the body, but also genital warts, as well as outflows that may be malformed. Are, it is very important to know how HPV is transmitted. May this knowledge help to avoid infection and protect against dangerous diseases like cervical cancer, vulva, vagina, anal passage, penis and even breast. In the article, we will tell you about HPV: how it is transmitted, risk factors and preventive measures.

How does human papillomavirus spread?

First of all, it should be said that papilloma is transmitted through the epidermis and saliva. At the same time, the infection may not feel on its own and genital warts and papillomas with only immune deficiency. Appears by the formation of.

If we talk about how the papilloma virus spreads, the chance of infection increases significantly if there is injury, bruise and bruise on the skin.

Attention!Many people wonder if papilloma is inherited. The answer is no. It is just that when one of the family members is infected, the papilloma virus is passed on from everyday life or from mother to child. Spreads during delivery.

The following methods of transmission of viral infection from person to person are known:

1. It is transmitted through everyday life, ie touch, common household items, clothing. Infection can be transmitted through kissing.
2. If a person has genital papilloma, it can be sexually transmitted during unprotected sex.
3. Self-infection is possible during shaving, waxing and other skin damage. Since papilloma is contagious to surrounding healthy skin cells, a person can transfer the virus from diseased parts of the body to healthy people.
4. The vertical route of infection is the transmission of infection from mother to child during birth.
5. During surgical removal of neoplasm caused by HPV, very rarely, infection occurs during blood transfusions. In addition, infections in beauty salons, manicure rooms, bathrooms, saunas, and swimming pools are not excluded. Is where the rules of aphasis are ignored.

If we talk about how you can get papilloma, in 70% of cases of sexual infection, the culprit is a man. In the presence of an epithelial neoplasm on the lips or genitals, the probability of infection is about 90%. Also to be kept in mind is that the presence of a condom, although it reduces the risk of infection, still does not guarantee 100 percent safety, as HPV can penetrate the skin of the hands and other parts of the body via microtraumaIn addition, condylomas can be localized in the groin or pubic area, where a condom will not protect against direct contact with a partner.

Important!If one partner is a carrier of the virus, but does not have papilloma, warts or genital warts, the risk of infection with the other partner is significantly reduced.

If you list all the ways how you can get infected with papillomavirus in a newborn, there is no possibility of infection in the prenatal period, because the virus does not enter the bloodstream and amniotic fluid to the fetus. , Is safely protected by the bladder and placenta. However, in medical practice, rare cases of intrauterine infection have been reported with damage to the placenta and fetal bladder.

For women planning a pregnancy, it is very important to know if the baby's father is contagious and whether he can pass the infection on to the expectant mother, because the genital warts seen during pregnancy would be very dangerous for the baby. In case of infection during childbirth, there is a risk of laryngeal papillomatosis and subsequent suffocation. Since the infection spreads through saliva, papillomas, genital warts and warts in the mouth of the male and on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It is necessary to keep in mind the presence of, because a woman may be infected with oral sex.

If a family member has papilloma, it is important for all household members to know how it is transmitted in everyday life:

• Through shared bed linen, towels, soaps, cosmetics, washcloths and other personal items, the virus can penetrate microtramas on the skin;
• Salivary infection is possible when using a toothbrush, glasses or other utensils;
• Infection through clothing and other household items is also possible.

Risk Factors

We found out how you can get infected with human papillomavirus, but it is equally important to know not only the transmission pathways, but also the risk factors for infection from human papillomavirus.

So, the human papillomavirus makes very easy entry into the skin and mucous membranes against the background of the following stimulating factors:

1. In men, children and women, infection is most likely against the backdrop of low immunity. A common cold or sore throat can contribute to this.

2. There is an increased risk of contraction of HPV when there are disturbances in the microflora of the intestine or vagina. In the first case, normal immunity suffers, in the second case, the local safety of the body is reduced, and sexually contracted. Increases the chances of occurring.
3. The genital of the infection more often causes infection against the background of other sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis).
4. In the case of a debilitating body disease, any means of transmission against the backdrop of an outbreak of any disease can be potentially dangerous.
5. There is no doubt whether papillomas are contagious. The virus can easily enter the cells of a healthy person from the host if its defense is weakened by stress, loss of energy, overwork or depression.

Important!Any virus is more easily transmitted to men and women who have bad habits (smoking, alcohol). The risk of infection also increases significantly in women taking combined contraceptives.

The following conditions and diseases are factors for sexual transmission of the virus:

• onset of first sexual activity;
• prostitution;
• frequent change of sex partners;
• erotic sex life;
• history of sexually transmitted diseases;
• is ​​over 35;
• cervical malformation;
• immunodeficiency states.

prevention

We found out how the human papillomavirus (female, male and child) is transmitted, now it is up to us to consider preventive measures. It should be said immediately that the most effective way of not getting infected. Preventive vaccination. To date, two types of vaccines are known for this infection. They protect against the most dangerous oncogenic strains of viral infection. However, the high effectiveness of such protection is only at the young age of vaccination, before sexual intercourse, or HPV. One of the strains is seen before infection.

As for other prevention methods, no one has abrogated the rules of hygiene, use of a condom, an erotic sex life and rejection of bad habits. It is useful for maintaining the strength of the immune system: Right, restraint, exercise, walking in fresh air, drinking vitamins periodically.